Scott Lord Silent Film: Mary Pickford in The Unchanging Sea (Griffith, 1...

D.W. Griffith directed his wife, Linda Arvidson, and actress Mary Pickford in "The Unchanging Sea" (one reel) for the Biograph Film Companyduring 1910. Actresses Kate Bruce and Gkadys Egan also appear on screen. The film was adapted from a poem by Charles Kingsley and photographed by G.W. Bitzer. G.W. Bitzer, in his autobiography Billy Bitzer, his own story, relates an account of the Biograph Film Company having arrived in Hollywood during 1910 and its subsequent use of Californian outdoor locations. "On the lot we constructed a large wooden platform and covered the area with white cotton sheets, so that we could adjust the amount of sunlight for the camera." Silent Film D.W. Griffith Biograph Film Company

Scott Lord Silent Film: Mary Pickford in What The Daisy Said (D.W. Griff...

During 1910 D.W. Griffith directed actress Mary Pickford in the short film "What The Daisy Said", photographed by G.W. Bitzer for the Biograph Film Company. Peter Cowie, in his volume Eighty Years of Cinema, gives the 1910 film "Simple Charity", directed by Griffith, as one of the earliest on screen appearances made by Mary Pickford. Silent Film Biograph

The Abyss (Urban Gad, Afgrunden, Denmark 1910)

Urban Gad directed Asta Nielsen in her first film "The Abyss" (Afgrunden, 1910) in Denmark, a film often written about due to her popularity and to a scene contained in it in which she dances erotically. Uli Jung and Martin Lorperdinger, editors of Importing Asta Nielsen, the international filmstar in the making 1910-1914, see the rise of Asta Nielsen as meteoric with her first appearance on screen, "she became a well-known and popular actress in many countries on the continent in the 1910/11 season." The film is described by Casper Tybjerg as her "breakthrough film". Scholar Casper Tybjerg, University of Copenhagen/online instructor, notes that "The Abyss" was promoted as an art film, a drama in two acts. Author Forsyth Hardy, in his volume Scaninavian Film, sees the principal stars that had brought international recognition to the country's cinema as having been Asta Nielsen and Valdamar Psilander, " It was an immediate success and audiences everywhere responded to a sensitive, expressive acting style of scting which contrasted clearly with the grimmacing antics of her contemporaries."

Film historian Marguerite Engberg, in her article, The Erotic Melodrama in Danish Silent FIlm, chronickes the cienam of narrative integration having emerged from the cinema of attractions by discussing the significance of running legnth and the advent of longer narrative films. In 1910, Fotorama had released a Danish Silent Film that was more than a half hour in running legnth, "Den hvide Slavenhandel" (The White Slave Traffic), it being notable that it was shown in one sitting. "The transition to multireels was a very important step in the evolution of film art. For now, with longer films, it became possible to go into details within a single scene." The longer legnth of the film allowed "The Abyss to become a "fully fledged erotic melodrama, the drama which was to become a Danish speciality" with its then sexually explicit dance scene and "long drawn out kisess, a Danish invention in films." Engeby describes erotic melodrama as a love story with a conflict between the ckasses, or economic backgrounds and notes that it often included a love triangle, as did the films "The Abyss", "Den Sorte Drom" (The Black Dream" and "Balletdanserinden" (The Ballet Dancer".
It was also that year that Urban Gad and Asta Nielsen would travel to Germany to film for Duetsche Bioscop. Asta Nielsen appeared on screen under Urban Gad's direction with cinematographer Karl Fruend behind the camera that year in the films "Moth" (Nachtfaler) and "The Strange Bird"" (Der Frerde Volgel). Asta Nielsen would later star with Greta Garbo for G.W. Pabst in "The Joyless Street" and in a silent version of "Hamlet" (1920). Scholar Isak Thorsen, University of Copenhagen, in his paper,Nordisk Film Kompagni and Asta Nielsen, explains that director Urban Gad had signed a contract with Kunst Films Kompagni (Copenhagen Art Film) which allowed his to direct film abroad, with a similar contract for wife Asta Nielsen stipulating that she play as many parts as permissable; Nielsen who had already gained international recognition in regard to transnational cinema. Peter Cowie, in his volume Scandinavian cinema adds, "Marrying Urban Gad in 1912, she widened her range of expression to embrace comedy as well as vampish roles."

Janet Bergstrom, in her paper Asta Nielsen's Early German Films, chronicles Asta Nielsen asking Urban Gad if he would write a film for her. "Afgrunden" not only secured an international audience for her but it heralded the film itself becoming an art form. Bergstrom notes Nielsen having written that she aspired to improve her acting ability by watching herself on the screen.

Although many films from the time period were adaptations of theatrical plays, "The Abyss" has no dialougue intertitles, but rather insert shots containing written letters. Both insert shots of printed material and dialougue intertitles are part of the diegesis of a silent film, whereas expository intertitles that either summarize the action or prepare the audience for it are not part of the film's diegesis, insert shots of letters bringing a more first person authorial camera that provides identification with the character.
Bela Belazs, in his volume Theory of Film discusses Urban Gad's 1918 book on film criticism, "This wise and sound book makes no mention as of yet of the new form-language proper to the new art- at the time Urban Gad knew nothing of this. Hence he dealt chiefly with the specific new subjects suitable for film presentation. According to him, every film should be placed in some specific natural enviornment which must affect the human beings living in it and play apart in directing their lives and destinies. Thus a new personage is added to the dramatis personna of the photographed play: nature itself." Belaz continues aiming at genre theory, that genre is particular, it has exclusivity and allows specific backgrounds where tropes and metaphors can arise, ie. Westerns occur only where cowyboys can be found. The glaring problem is that the description offerred by Belaz, in the historiography of film theory, is precisely that of the description inordinately used to define the Swedish Silent FIlm, to the point where the camera technique of Victor Sjostrom and Mauritz Stiller is delegated secondary to the relation of man to his overwhelming envirnment. And yet Belazs is discussing the writing of Danish filmmaker Urban Gad published at a time when Sjostrom had just finished the film "The Outlaw and his Wife", a stunning, but still early example of Scandinavian Cinema.

Scott Lord

Scott Lord Silent Film: The Miracles of Jesus (Mogul Film Company, 1910)

silent film Scott Lord

Scott Lord Silent Film:The Nativity (Feuillade, 1910))

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Frankenstein (J. Searle Dawley, Edison Manufactu...

Authors Dennis R Cuthcin and Dennis R. Perry in their work "The Frankenstein Complex, when the text is more than a text" view the silent film "Frankenstein" as having been inspired by several stage adaptations, specifically Presumption, or the Fate of Frankenstein, which, produced in 1823 by Richard Brinkley Peak, may have been remote to the Edison Studios in New Jersey, as may have been the other fifteen theatrical adaptations of "Frankenstein" produced before 1851. The University of Pennsylvania presently includes Henry M. Milner's The Demon of Switzerland (1823) and The Man and the Monster (1826) among them, but admits that several theatrical adaptations were burlesque or musical comedy.


That intertitles were at first often explanatory shows the beginning of a narrative cinema. During an early scene of the silent film "Frankenstein" (J. Searle Dawley, Edison, 1910, one-reel) there is, in between scenes, an expositiory intertitle that uses a close shot of a letter to develop plot and character within the narrative, a form of the epistolary form of the novel transferred on to the screen. A similar insert shot is used in the film "A Dash Through the Clouds" (1912).

J. Searle Dawley directed at Edison Film Manufacturing Company untill 1913, when he joined Edwin Porter at Famous Players Company, where he directed actress Marguerite Clark.

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