Scott Lord Silent Film: By The Sun’s Rays (Browning, 1914)

Silent Film

During 1914, Charles Gibson directed Lon Chaney and actress Agnes Vernon in the film "By the Sun's Rays". That year Lon Chaney and Agnes Vernon also starred together in the film "The Old Cobbler" directed by Murdock MacQuarie. The film is presumed to be lost, with no surviving copies.
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The Photoplay: Silent FIlm Movie Posters; Lon Chaney

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Worsley, 1923)

Prior to having directed Lon Chaney in the twelve reel silent film “The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Wallace Worsely had been behind the camera for the films “The Penalty” (1920” and “The Ace of Hearts” (1921), both films having feature the Man of a Thousand Faces.

Moving Picture World magazine during 1924 deemed "The Hunchback Of Notre Dame" to be a "spectacle drama". Film Daily included the Cathedral in a photolayout espousing "The Value of Large Sets" during 1926, claiming that Universal had reproduced 20 blocks of medieval France while making the film.

Author Mark A Vieira, in Silent Protypes, a chapter in his volume Hollywood Horror, christens "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" as the "Birth of the Monster", the first film made in the genre. Suprisingly, Vieira follows Lon Chaney to the newly formed merger of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Irving Thalberg. Lon Chaney had starred with John Gilbert and Norma Shearer in the first feature made at M.G.M directed by Victor Sjostrom, formerly known in Sweden as Victor Sjostrom. While author Robert Anderson, in his 1971 volume Faces, Forms, Films, the artistry of Lon Chaney, claims that "in most of the Browning-Chaney films the plot evolved from the characterization", author Mark A.Vieira also gives Chaney credit for creating a new and original character with each new manifestation of make-up; each new character is automatically placed in an entirely different narrative based on Chaney's physical appearance. Vieira follows Chaney back to Universal and The Phantom of the Opera (Rupert Julian, 1925).

Interestingly, Journalist Tom Wilson, in the Allegheny City Society Reporter Dispatch. intimates that silent film director Lois Weber while at Universal had been a "script doctor" on the film "The Hunchback od Notre Dame", the photoplay having been adapted from the novel by Edward Lowe and Perley Poore Sheehan. Lowe, previously a revising editor ar Essanay, had co-written the photoplay to the film adapation of "Under Two Flags" (Tod Browning,1922).

The novel "The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Victor Hugo had previously been filmed during 1906. Director J. Gordon Edwards adapted the novel to the screen during 1917 in a six reel production titled "The Darling of Paris" for Fox Film Corporation starring actress Theda Bara. The film is presumed lost with no existing copies. The synopsis of "The Darling of Paris" given by the periodical Motography during 1917 prooves the film to be a faithful adaptation of the story of Esmerelda and Quasimodo. It reviewed the performance of Theda Bara in the lost film, "The part taken by Theda Bara in'The Darling of Paris' is one of the most interesting characters she has been called upon to interpret since she has been in the silent drama. It is an unusual one, dominating the story beginning to end. There are but few moments when she is not in the picture, which adds to the importance of the production." The periodical Moving Picture World described the film, "To anyone not familiar with the Hugo romance, the Fox screen version presents a well put together photoplay, rich in picturesque incident, strong character drawing, authentic reproduction of an age long past, dramatic situations in abundence, and a climav of thrilling worth."

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in He Who Gets Slapped (Victor Seastr...

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Bo Florin points out that a famikar image in "He Who Gets Slapped" (seven reels), directed by Victor Sjostrom is referred to in the cutting continuity script as the "Symbolic Clown", the isolated character dressed in white recurrently appearing spinning his ball. Florin looks at the function of this image within the narrative as bookending sequences with a direct adress to the audience. Albeit while blogging David Bordwell notes that the film was a great success, mostly due to the emerging talent of Lon Chaney, he does in fact give the film only a brief mention when looking at Scandinavia's Golden Age of Silent Film Drawing to a Close, which can very much be attributed to Victor Sjostrom and Mauritz Stiller both coming to America.

As film criticism often inludes audience reception on the part of the journalist-spectator, it may be worth looking at fan magazines from the first-run of the film, not so much for the public sphere of reception, which perhaps includes the art house, but for the public dimension. Picture Play Magazine wrote of Lon Chaney, "As the loveable clown in the Metro-Goldwyn feature 'He Who Gets Slapped' he gives a achara terization of rare qualities and when he dies he pulls your heart strings untill the really break."

Norma Shearer and John Gilbert starred in a second film together for the Metro-Goldwyn Picture Corporation during 1924 with Conrad Nagel, "The Snob" (seven reels), directed by Monta Bell. The film is presumed lost, with no surviving copies existing. Also presumed lost is the six reel film "The Wolf Man" in which Norma Shearer and John Gilbert starred together under the direction of Edmund Mortimer for the Fox Film Corporation during 1923. John Gilbert and Lon Chaney had starred together under the direction of Maurice Tourneur in the 1923 six reel film "While Paris Sleeps".The film is presumed lost with no surviving copies existing.

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in Victory (Maurice Tourneur, 1919)

Robert Gordon Anderson, in his 1971 volume Faces, Forms, Films, the artistry of Lon Chaney, writes about the film "Victory" (five reels), directed by Maurice Tournuer. "The picture had good reviews despite some distortion of the storyline", liberties having been taken while adapting the literary work of Joseph Conrad.

Robert G. Anderson writes, "Not all of the movies being turned out were made without regard for the artistic nature of the media. Many directors strove to create something of a more lasting nature, utilizing photographt, lighting, settings, acting, editing to create what they wanted. Maurice Tourneur was one of them. Tourneur's film of Joseph Conrad's Victory included another of Lon Chaney's villainous portraits."

Twenty four silent films directed by Maurice Tourneur between 1912-1926 are presumed lost, with no surviving copies, among them being "While Paris Sleeps" (1923) and "Treasure Island" (1920), both having starred Lon Chaney.

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in The Monster (West, 1925)

Roland West directed Lon Chaney during 1925 for Metro Goldwyn in "The Monster", costarring Gertrude Olmstead. "The Monster" was photographed by cameraman Hal Mohr.

In his biography Faces, Forms, Films, The artistry of Lon Chaney, author Robert Gordon Anderson views M.G.M, having starred Lon Chaney in films directed by the foreign directors Victor Sjostrom, as having previously made "prestige" film with the actor. "The remainder of Chaney's M.G.M. films were changes-of-pace. 'The Monster', in spite of the implications of its title, was more slapstick than horror and one could not be sure Chaney took the whole thing seriously. 'In While The City Sleeps' he played, with no make up, a detective,"

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in The Ace of Hearts (Worsley, 1921)

During 1921 Wallace Worsley directed Lon Chaney with actress Leatrice Joy. "The Ace of Hearts" was photographed by cameraman Don Short.

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in Oliver Twist (Frank Lloyd, 1922)

Frank Lloyd directed and co-scripted with Harry Weil the film "Oliver Twist" for First National during 1922. Lon Chaney stars in the film with child actor Jackie Coogan. Robert G. Anderson, in his volume Faces, Forms, Films, the artistry of Lon Chaney gives an account of Chaney having frightened the child star as The Man of a Thousand Faces. Anderson places a description of Lon Chaney's portrayal of Fagin in a section concerned with with Age and Make Up. "The make up must indicate age as well as the physical characteristics...The actor must determine how he can reveal the personality and background of the character." Anderson explains the use of combinations of aluminum powder for grey or white hair, a lining pencil to delineate wrinkles, grease paint and putty.

"Oliver Twist" was photographed by cameramen Glenn McWilliams and Rober Martin.
In addition to starring in the film “Oliver Twist” (eight reels), during 1922 Lon Chaney appeared in two films that are now lost, “Blind Bargain” (Wallace Worsley) in which he starred with Jacqueline Logan and “Quincy Adams Sawyer” (Clarence G. Badger, eight reels), in which he starred with Blanche Sweet and Barbara LaMar. That year Lon Chaney also starred in "Shadows" (Tom Forman) with actress Margueritte De Le Motte and "A Light in the Dark" (Clarence Brown) with actress Hope Hampton.

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in While the City Sleeps (Jack Conway...

Biographer Robert G. Anderson, in his his volume Faces, Forms and Films, the artistry of Lon Chaney, describes the portrayals made by the Man of A Thousand Faces, including thos in which he used little or no make up. "For roles in which Lon Chaney appeared without make up are as intersting as those in which he appeared with it. He was always in character; his own personality was subordinated. His mannerisms, guestures, expressions belonged to the character; as did the dress, the detective in 'While the City Sleeps' though neatly dressed, was probably too absorbed in his job to notice the spot on his vest, probably the result of a hurried breakfast." Still, the diegetic world being visual, one might ask if the spot had merely been placed the by the director as a reference for the cameraman.

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in Mr. Wu (William Nigh, 1927)

Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in The Scarlet Car (DeGrasse, 1917)

Directed by Joseph de Grasse during 1917, "The Scarlet Claw" starred Lon Chaney, Franklin Farnum and Edith Johnson.

During 1917, Joseph de Grasse also directed Franklin Farnum and Lon Chaney in the film "Anything Once", with actress Marjorie Lawrence. Although the film is not yet presumed to be lost, it is unknown if any copies now survive.

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Scott Lord Silent Film: Lon Chaney in The Trap (Thomby, 1922)

"The Trap" (six reels) by directed by Robert Thorby featured both actors Lon Chaney and Lon Chaney Jr. The scenario of "The Trap" was written by George C. Hull from a story by Lon Chaney. The film was photographed by cameraman Virgil Miller. Lon Chaney.

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The Photoplay: Silent Movie Lobby Cards, Lon Chaney

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